The Effects of Hydrophobicity and Textural Properties on Hexamethyldisiloxane Adsorption in Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels

To expand the applications of graphene-based materials to biogas purification, a series of reduced graphene oxide aerogels (rGOAs) were prepared from industrial grade graphene oxide using a simple hydrothermal method. The influences of the hydrothermal preparation temperature on the textural properties, hydrophobicity and physisorption behavior of the rGOAs were investigated using a range of physical and spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the rGOAs had a macro-porous three-dimensional network structure. Raising the hydrothermal treatment temperature reduced the number of oxygen-containing groups, whereas the specific surface area (S_BET), micropore volume (V_micro) and water contact angle values of the rGOAs all increased. The dynamic adsorption properties of the rGOAs towards hexamethyldisiloxane (L2) increased with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature and the breakthrough adsorption capacity showed a significant linear association with S_BET, V_micro and contact angle. There was a significant negative association between the breakthrough time and inlet concentration of L2, and the relationship could be reliably predicted with a simple empirical formula. L2 adsorption also increased with decreasing bed temperature. Saturated rGOAs were readily regenerated by a brief heat-treatment at 100 °C. This study has demonstrated the potential of novel rGOA for applications using adsorbents to remove siloxanes from biogas.     

Camu-Camu Fruit Extract Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NFAT and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in High Glucose-Induced Human Keratinocytes

Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh (camu-camu) belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Although camu-camu has received a great deal of attention for its potential pharmacological activities, there is little information on the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of camu-camu fruit in skin diseases. In the present study, we investigated the preventative effect of 70% ethanol camu-camu fruit extract against high glucose-induced human keratinocytes. High glucose-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was inhibited by camu-camu fruit treatment. In response to ROS reduction, camu-camu fruit modulated the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathways related to inflammation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, camu-camu fruit treatment activated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequently increased the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) expression to protect keratinocytes against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress. These results indicate that camu-camu fruit is a promising material for preventing oxidative stress and skin inflammation induced by high glucose level.     

血液接触生物材料的血液相容性评价研究进展

生物材料的血液相容性是决定该材料能否在临床成功应用的重要标准之一。当材料与血液接触后,会引起溶血、凝血和免疫等一系列反应,机制复杂且受多种因素影响。因此,在材料临床应用前需根据ISO 10993-4进行生物相容性评价,血液相容性评价是其中重要部分,但目前尚未形成统一的评价标准与评价体系。本文总结了近年对血液相容性评价的主要方法,为今后生物材料血液相容性评价体系的建立提供参考。     

Synergistic Catalytic Acceleration of MXene/MWCNTs as Decorating Materials for Ultrasensitive Detection of Morphine

Ti₃C₂T_X MXene was synthesized by exfoliating pristine Ti₃AlC₂ phase with hydrofluoric acid. The simple methods of mechanical mixing and drop-casting of Ti₃C₂T_X and MWCNTs were carried out to prepare sensing electrode of Ti₃C₂T_X/MWCNTs/GCE. The composite and topography, especially the surface functional groups of Ti₃C₂T_X/MWCNTs were analyzed by XRD, SEM, FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectrum. The results turned out that Ti₃C₂T_X was characteristic by accordion-like 2D nanostructure with the surfaces terminated with −OH, −F, and =O. When combining with acid pretreated, the interaction between the functional groups of Ti₃C₂T_X and MWCNTs facilitated the convenience and reproducibility of the robust modified electrodes and could make Ti₃C₂T_X/MWCNTs/GCE possess good synergistic catalytic acceleration by increasing the electron transfer efficiency as well as adsorption and aggregation of MOP analyte onto the electrode surface. Versatile electrochemical measurements of CV, DPV and EIS were used to investigate the electrochemical performance of Ti₃C₂T_X/MWCNTs/GCE sensing platform. The linear detection range is 0.01–100 μM with the limit of detection of 0.0092 μM (S/N=3). The sensor has good stability, repeatability, reproducibility and anti-interference. In the detection of serum and urine samples, it has a good recovery rate.     

Sustainable Route for Synthesizing Aluminosilicate EU-1 Zeolite

Developing sustainable routes for the synthesis of zeolites is still a vital and challenging task in zeolite scientific community. One of the typical examples is sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite, which is not very efficient and environmental-unfriendly under hydrothermal condition due to the use of a large amount of water as solvent. Herein, we report a sustainable synthesis route for aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite without the use of solvent for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the obtained EU-1 zeolite are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), N₂ sorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which show the product has high crystallinity, uniform morphology, large BET surface area, and four-coordinated aluminum species. Moreover, the impact of synthesis conditions is investigated in detail. The sustainable synthesis of aluminosilicate EU-1 zeolite under solvent-free     

Cationic Nonporous Macrocyclic Organic Compounds for Multimedia Iodine Capture

Over the past two decades, progress in chemistry has generated various types of porous materials for removing iodine (¹²⁹I or ¹³¹I) that can be formed during nuclear energy generation or nuclear waste storage. However, most studies for iodine capture are based on the weak host-guest interactions of the porous materials. Here, we present two cationic nonporous macrocyclic organic compounds, namely, MOC-1 and MOC-2 , in which 6I^- and 8I⁻ were as counter anions, for highly efficient iodine capture. MOC-1 and MOC-2 were formed by reacting 1,1′-diamino-4,4′-bipyridylium di-iodide with 1,2-diformylbenzene or 1,3-diformylbenzene, respectively. The presence of a large number of I⁻ anions results in high I₂ affinity with uptake capacities up to 2.15 g ⋅ g⁻¹ for MOC-1 and 2.25 g ⋅ g⁻¹ for MOC-2 .     

Analysis of Asymmetric Long-Range Surface-Plasmon Waveguide with High-Confinement Mode

We model and study the asymmetric long-range surface-plasmon waveguides using the finite-element method. We introduce two types of asymmetric structures and discuss their modal properties compared to traditional long-range surface-plasmon waveguides. Although the propagation distance is decreased, the energy-confinement capability is improved for asymmetric long-range waveguiding structures when the geometrical parameters are properly selected. Our simulation result offers guidance for tuning properties of plasmonic waveguides and providing ways for enhancing electromagnetic energy confinement in long-range surface-plasmon waveguides.     

氟利昂F113分子在飞秒激光作用下的多光子电离解离动力学

大气臭氧层因吸收太阳紫外光, 是人类必不可少的保护伞. 氟利昂在太阳光辐射下解离生成破坏臭氧的游离态氯原子, 是破坏大气臭氧层的主要元凶之一. 本文利用飞行时间质谱技术和离子速度成像技术研究了氟利昂F113(三氟三氯乙烷)分子在800 nm 飞秒光作用下的多光子电离解离动力学. 利用飞行时间质谱探测技术, 得到了三氟三氯乙烷在该波长飞秒激光作用下发生多光子电离解离产生的碎片质谱. 通过荷质比对碎片质谱进行了详细的标定和分析. 在质谱上未发现母体离子, 所有观察到的离子都是由于激光脉冲作用下产生的碎片. 三个最主要的碎片离子是CFCl₂⁺, CF₂Cl⁺, C₂F₃Cl₂⁺. 通过飞行时间质谱标定, 发现并归属了多个解离通道. 三个主要的解离机理分别为: 1) C-Cl键断裂直接生产氯自由基的通道C₂F₃Cl₃⁺→C₂F₃Cl₂⁺+Cl; 2) C--C键断裂C₂F₃Cl₃⁺→CFCl₂⁺+CF₂Cl; 3) C--C键断裂C₂F₃Cl₃⁺→CF₂Cl⁺+CFCl₂. 利用离子速度成像技术对这三个主要通道产生的碎片离子进行成像, 得到了C₂F₃Cl₂⁺, CFCl₂⁺和CF₂Cl⁺离子的速度影像. 由C--Cl键断裂产生的碎片离子C₂F₃Cl₂^{+}的速度分布由两个高斯分布曲线拟合, 而由C--C键断裂产生的碎片离子CFCl₂⁺和CF₂Cl⁺可以用一个高斯曲线拟合. 通过影像分析得到了解离碎片的平动能分布和角向分布各向异性参数等详尽的动力学信息. 结合高精度密度泛函理论计算对解离动力学进行了进一步的分析和讨论.深入认识氟利昂的解离动力学可为进一步控制破坏臭氧层提供理论参考和实验依据.     

V掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜研究

本文分别采用磁控溅射技术与基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法两种方式, 对高价态差元素V掺杂ZnO薄膜进行研究. 实验研究结果表明: V的掺入并未改变ZnO的生长方式, 所制备的薄膜都呈(002)择优生长; 随着衬底温度增加, VZO薄膜的结晶质量逐步改善, 当衬底温度超过280 ℃时薄膜的结晶质量恶化; 在280 ℃时获得的VZO薄膜电阻率最低3.8×10^-3 Ω·m, 500-2000 nm平均透过率高于85%. 理论模拟结果表明: V以替位形式掺入ZnO六角纤锌矿晶格结构中, 费米能级进入导带, 材料表现出n 型半导体的特性, 导电电子主要由V 3d及O 2p电子轨道提供. 理论计算结果与实验结果的一致性, 表明VZO薄膜具有作为高效Si基薄膜太阳电池透明导电薄膜的应用潜力.     

Quantum state and process tomography via adaptive measurements

We investigate quantum state tomography(QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography(QPT) for unitary channels via adaptive measurements. For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive protocol where only 2d. 1 measurement outcomes are used to accomplish the QST for all pure states. This idea is then extended to study QPT for unitary channels, where an adaptive unitary process tomography(AUPT) protocol of d2+d.1measurement outcomes is constructed for any unitary channel. We experimentally implement the AUPT protocol in a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We examine the performance of the AUPT protocol when applied to Hadamard gate, T gate(/8 phase gate), and controlled-NOT gate,respectively, as these gates form the universal gate set for quantum information processing purpose. As a comparison, standard QPT is also implemented for each gate. Our experimental results show that the AUPT protocol that reconstructing unitary channels via adaptive measurements significantly reduce the number of experiments required by standard QPT without considerable loss of fidelity.